Fluorescence microscope is a point light source with high luminous efficiency, which emits light of a certain wavelength (such as ultraviolet light 3650 or violet blue light 4200) as excitation light through the filter color system. After excitation, fluorescent substances in the specimen emit fluorescence of different colors, and then observe through the amplification of the objective lens and eyepiece. In this way, under the strong contrast background, even the fluorescence is very weak, it is easy to recognize, and the sensitivity is high. It is mainly used for the study of cell structure and function and chemical composition
The light source of a fluorescence microscope does not act as a direct illumination, but as an energy source for stimulating the fluorescent material inside the specimen. The reason why we can observe the specimen is not the illumination of the light source, but the fluorescence phenomenon presented by the fluorescent substance in the specimen after the absorption of the excited light energy. It can be seen that the main characteristic of fluorescence microscopy is that its light source can supply a large amount of excitation light in a specific wavelength range, so that the fluorescent substances in the specimen can obtain the necessary intensity of excitation light. At the same time, fluorescence microscope must have the corresponding filter system.
Fluorescence microscope is a special tool for fluorescence microscopy detection, it is a kind of light microscope. In addition to the basic structure and optical amplification of optical microscopy, it also has the following unique functional requirements based on fluorescence characteristics:
(1) A light source that provides enough energy to excite fluorescence.
(2) with a set of color filters to adapt to the excitation spectrum required by different substances, the appropriate excitation spectrum is selected from the light source, so that the spectrum precipitated coincides with the absorption spectrum of the substance, in order to obtain the maximum fluorescence.
(3))In order to obtain a weak fluorescence image, a set of cut-off color filter should also be established, which makes the required observed fluorescence go into the system for imaging, and the rest of the light waves, including the emitted light, are blocked out to improve the image lining.
(4)The amplified optical system should adapt to the characteristics of fluorescence, and finally obtain a good fluorescence image with high brightness and high resolution that can be observed and photographed.
(5) Safety of the instrument. The application of mercury lamp is necessary to prevent the leakage of ultraviolet light and mercury lamp explosion, to ensure the safety of electrical appliances.